To facilitate the journey towards UHC in low- and middle income- countries (LMICs), improving Primary Health Care (PHC) through health systems strengthening is essential. The goal of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is that everyone needing health care can access quality services without financial hardship, and attains sustainable health outcomes. Traditional measures to combat corruption have largely been ineffective, necessitating the need for innovative thinking if UHC is to be achieved by 2030. ConclusionsĬorruption and lack of good governance in these countries undermine the delivery of quality essential health care services in an equitable manner, make it costly for the poor and disadvantaged, and results in poor health outcomes. The challenge is to scale up the successful ones for measurable impact. Alternatively, a few bottom-up community-engaged interventions have been tested showing promising results. Lack of good governance encourage frontline health care providers to bend the rules of law and make centrally designed anti-corruption measures largely in-effective.
Implementing regulations remain constrained not only due to lack of institutional capacity but also political commitment.
These result in high out-of-pocket expenditure, erosion of trust in the system, and reduced service utilization. Poor salary and benefits, poor incentives and motivation, and poor governance have a damaging impact on health outcomes and the quality of health care services. ResultsĬommon types of corruption like informal payments, bribery and absenteeism identified in the review have largely financial factors as the underlying cause. Data were extracted using a pre-designed template and analysed by ‘mixed studies review’ method. A PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was filled-in to complete this report. A total of 15 articles and documents on corruption and 18 on governance were selected for analysis.
MethodsĪ scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was conducted, using three search engines i.e., PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. This scoping review examines current situation regarding health sector corruption at frontlines of service delivery in this region, related policy perspectives, and alternative strategies currently being tested to address this pervasive phenomenon. ‘Corruption’ works to undermine the UHC goals of achieving equity, quality, and responsiveness including financial protection, especially while delivering frontline health care services. The dynamic intersection of a pluralistic health system, large informal sector, and poor regulatory environment have provided conditions favourable for ‘corruption’ in the LMICs of south and south-east Asia region.
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